栏目负责人:韩峰
1/1页1 跳转到查看:1353
发新话题 回复该主题
键盘左右键可以进行前后翻页操作
帮助

弩的兵器类型

弩的兵器类型

战国时期有四弩:夹弩、瘦弩、唐弩和大弩。夹弩、瘦弩较轻便,发射速度快,多用於攻守城垒;唐弩、大弩是强弩,射程虽远,但发射速度较慢,多用於车战和野战。
  《战国策·韩策一》:「天下强弓劲弩,皆自韩出,溪子、少府、时力、距来,皆射六百步外。」许慎注《淮南子· 真篇》:南方溪子蛮夷柘弩,皆善材。韩有溪子弩。」少府,官府名,少府所造之弩。时力,作之得时,力倍於常,故名时力。距来,当为「距黍,《荀子·性恶篇》:「繁弱、钜黍,古之良弓也。」
  《汉书·艺文志·兵书略》:《望远连弩射法具》十五篇。
  汉代的弩,有用双臂拉开的「擘张弩」,和用脚踏的「蹶张弩」两种。
  诸葛亮在蜀时,曾制造一种连弩,称为元戎,弩箭用铁制,长八寸,将十枝箭放在一个弩槽里,扣一次板机,就可由箭孔向外射出一枝,弩槽中的箭随即又落下一枝入箭膛上,再上弦,又可继续射出。(武术论集P164)
  晋代的弩较汉代大,有「万钧神弩」之号。如晋安帝义熙六年十二月(公元410)刘裕用万钧神弩,连破卢循。
  宋神宗熙宁元年(公元一0六八),李宏发明踏张弩,名叫神臂弓,《宋史》说:「身长三尺二寸,弦长二尺五寸,箭木羽长数寸,射三百四十余步,入榆木半箭。」具有射程远,重量轻的优点,所以一直流传到明代。
  北宋时,床弩盛行,《武经典要》载有双弓的双弓床弩、大合蝉弩、斗子弩和三弓的手射弩、三弓弩。明代末年,弩渐衰落,清朝军队已经不用为战斗武器了。
  几种著名的弩:
  一、汉代的大黄弩,汉代的弩强度按石来计算,分一石至十石,(大约引满一石弩需27-30公斤的力量)其中十石弩最强又被称为黄肩弩,大黄力弩。只有十分强壮的人才能使用,史记中“李广列传”中就有李广持大黄弩射敌将的记载。据后世的考证估算,它的射程能达到四百米左右。
  二、诸葛连弩:三国时诸葛亮制作了一种连弩,称作元戎弩,一次能发射十支箭,火力很强,但是体积、重量偏大,单兵无法使用,主要用来防守城池和营塞;并且与当时的强弩相比这种连弩射程较短,杀伤力较低作战时一般与蹶张弩配合使用。后来大发明家马钧对其进行了改进,改成了一种五矢连弩,使其体积、重量大大减轻,成为一种单兵武器,但是因为生产很复杂,所用的箭矢也必须特制,所以没大量生产,后失传。
  三、神臂弩,北宋神宗时发明,弓身长三尺三,弦长二尺五,射程远达三百四十多步;威力强大,矢可入榆木半杆。号称威力强于汉代大黄,其他器械都及不上,成为宋军弩手的制式兵器之一。
  四、豆+寸子弩,这是一种强力的连弩,是宋代三弓床弩的一种。一次可以发射十余支箭(古代火箭炮?)射到千步远。(射程最大的冷兵器)张开弦需用七十五至一百余人用绳索绞动借用机械的力量,是一种威力极大的武器。
  五、连弩车,战国时就有连弩车,该弩属于弩炮的一种,置于车上,可进可退。车上驾十二石大弩,每弩一发七矢,中矢为主矢略大,两边各三矢略小,可射七百步,中处墙倒城摧,势不可挡。大概可以算古代的火箭炮。
  六、最大的弩-秦弩,秦代弩的种类得到了长足的发展,秦俑坑发现的弩弓遗迹多达数百处。从完整的弩弓遗迹判断至少应有三种不同形制的弩,弩弓为木质均已腐朽,朽木残长130至140厘米,弩臂也已腐朽,末端安有青铜弩机,弩机通高16.5厘米,望山高5.5厘米。这是秦俑坑发现数量较多的一种弩。同时在一号俑坑还发现一种形制特殊的弩,它是在残长64厘米的弩臂上重叠了一根木条,在弩臂上还夹有铜饰件。显然这些装置都是为了增强弩臂的承受强度,说明它是一种张力更强,射程更远的禁弩。在二号俑坑还发现一处特大型号的铜镞,每支重量达100克。较其它铜镞一倍。这不仅是秦俑坑也是兵器史上发现型号最大的铜镞。使用这种铜镞的必然是一种张力更大,杀伤力更强的弩。弩出土时装在用麻布制作的弩衣内,木质部分虽已腐朽,但青铜弩机出土后仍然活动自如,表明秦代弩机的制作工艺达到相当高的水平。
 

顶一下,楼主.
 
 

Title:
Use Modern Quilting Software For Traditional Quilt Patterns
Word Count:
752
Summary:
For hundreds of years, women all over this planet have been sewing quilts to keep their family members warm. And for all of these centuries, women had to do all the work "by hand" ... meaning their production was severely limited by the large numbers of hours required to design and sew the quilt by hand.
Today, though, we can use software to do much of the tedious work for us. Modern software takes much of the tedious work out of designing a quilt and it even streamlines t...
Keywords:
sewing & quilting magazines, new home sewing machines,  sewing information
Article Body:
For hundreds of years, women all over this planet have been sewing quilts to keep their family members warm. And for all of these centuries, women had to do all the work "by hand" ... meaning their production was severely limited by the large numbers of hours required to design and sew the quilt by hand.
Today, though, we can use software to do much of the tedious work for us. Modern software takes much of the tedious work out of designing a quilt and it even streamlines the cutting process. If you also own a quilting machine, the bulk of the labor can be handled by machines, without sacrificing the quilt maker's pride and creativity.
Here are four of the most popular quilting software systems:
1. PC Quilt for Windows:
PB Quilt is not intuitive or easy to use. The interface requires some direction and unless the quilter is familiar with how to use the program, she will most likely have to invest hours of her time just figuring out how to operate it.
On the plus side, it has a drop down menu that offers classic quilting patterns like leaves, petals Easy_Card_Tricks_-_The_Informer, tulips, stars and moons. If none of those suit you, you can design your own with tools that even make it possible to draw circles. An added bonus: you can scan in your own fabrics and see how your finished quilt will look before you set a single stitch.
Advertised as the only quilting software made for quilters by quilters, PC Quilt is a simple, yet powerful program. It allows easy creation of blocks as well as an excellent ability to create ready-to-print-out templates, thus allowing the quilter to execute her ideas much more easily. The major drawback is the relatively difficult interface dior perfume, making an inexperienced user spend a few days before figuring everything out. You can even print templates that include seam allowances. It does everything for you but the cutting and sewing!
2. Quilt Design Wizard:
Quilt Design Wizard is a very simple program. The database includes 200 quilt patterns and 3 cheapest mbt shoes,000 fabric samples versace clothing, which allows you to experiment with huge numbers of combinations on your monitor before even buying your thread. It's inexpensive and easy to use but it has a major limitation - you cannot create your own patterns. Thus, it is less versatile than other quilting software.
3. Bargello Designer 32:
Bargello Designer is specifically for bargello quilts, rather than block or applique ones. It is simple and easy to use and includes 23 bargello templates, 9 of which are in the classic "flame" design. Its interface is quite simple to use: the quilter chooses such options as number of rows, strips, fabrics dior boot, pattern, height and width and with the click of a mouse, her pattern is ready for viewing. These are the default settings and the user can further design her own bargello quilt with the "Custom Bargello Setups" options.
On the downside, Bargello Designer doesn't have a fabrics library of its own. But it does allow the user to view other quilt patterns, bmp files, jpg files and more. Still, this is a cumbersome way to handle the fabric issue and we wish for a built-in fabric library.
4. Creative Impulse 2000:
Creative Impulse 2000 states upfront that if the user wants thousands of blocks and large varieties of fabric to choose from Creating_And_Mastering_A_Good_Music, this software is not the right choice. Instead, it bills itself as being perfect for "traditional" quilters who want to take classic quilt blocks and combine them in large numbers of new patterns. The user chooses a few traditional blocks - then the software uses mathematical equations to rapidly rotate these same blocks through huge numbers of patterns. Just like a kaleidoscope, a slight turn creates startling new patterns out of the same original materials and shapes.
In addition, there are such settings as "distortion" "tessellation" or "manipulation" which increase the variations, allowing the program owners to claim that the quilter can create an "infinite" number of possible quilt patterns - all from traditional blocks that have been in use for centuries.
Quilting software has undoubtedly expanded the creative possibilities of today's quilters. Rather than relying on a single picture in a magazine or book as the pattern or inspiration for a new project, and then hoping that the chosen colors will do well in that design burberry handbags, the quilt maker can see - in advance - what her new creation will look like. More traditional quilters scoff at the use of software but that's an outdated prejudice. Software only increases creative possibilities, rather than reducing them.
 

顶楼上 333,这里天气真是太热了
求友情链接:
http://www.cuatrogradosnorte.com
http://www.sfj-sifeng.com
http://www.zeneducationprogram.com
http://www.zenandstress.com
http://www.zenandeducation.com
http://www.gokhanalpak.net
http://www.thecertifiedhomeinspector.com
http://www.thebuildingmonitor.net
http://www.indplshomes.net
http://www.grouphomeins.com
http://www.goodhealthportsmouth.com
http://www.kelticfair.com
http://www.sailingtheinternet.com
http://www.tru-tonecustomcalls.com
http://www.ungerfilms.net
http://www.bjkxrt.com
http://www.jchrmf.com
http://www.jdntdz.com
http://www.jzjrzy.com
http://www.kanglf.com
http://www.lplfxx.com
http://www.bjbodi.com
http://www.bjllhb.com
 
  纯属打酱油的,路过,帮顶楼主
 
  [url=http://bbs.zx365.net/showtopic-54071.aspx][/url]
www.qltkd.com
 
[align=left][url=http://www.xjksh.com][backcolor=#ffffff][color=#ffffff]新开传奇私服[/color][/backcolor][/url][/align]
 
1/1页1 跳转到
发表新主题 回复该主题